The beginning of the American vision of Utopia seems to be rooted in the conception of America as the ideal Other to Europe. Thus, one of the most compelling questions permeating the American psyche is that of how America must seek to redeem the world. American history, however, reveals that building a "new" world in a new land was a mere repetition of patterns of the old civilization of which America desired to be purged In repressing what was considered inferior and undesirable, America was deceiving herself and distorting others. In so doing, a "true" history of American including, for example, the history of the Indians, remained unwritten or forgotten. Hawthorne views the American utopian vision as one based on the evasion of the truth and hence unable to provide the moral force necessary for creating a genuinely new social order. He indicates that to overcome the exclusion and the false consciousness perpetuated by self-deception, America must cultivate and maintain a sense of history that acknowledges the repressed. In The Blithedale Romance, Hawthorne attributes the failure of the American utopian vision to its inability to accept reality as it is. The dominant male voices, Coverdale and Hollingsworth respectively desire an unalienated life and a philanthropic ideal, but conitinue to oppress and negate the life-nurturing elements embodied in Zenobia. Because they fear of losing their hegemonic control over reality, they refuse to listen to their inner voices and fail to respond to Zenobia, hence nullifying the possibility of a new beginning. Hawthorne reveals how individual relationships repeat the power structures of society and asserts that a historical perspective is needed for rendering an American utopian vision free from self-evasion.