Literature is strongly related to society. Sometimes literature is affected by society, and in other times, it influences society. Such a permeability is a general phenomena throughout history. This article tries to find out the relationship between literature and society, by reviewing Korean novels that were published for the 15 years after the Korean Liberation from Japanese Government in 1945. Liberation from Japan and the partition of the Korean peninsula are apparently two faces of the Korean society during this period(1945~1959). Such bright and dark sides of the Korean society in this period are well reflected in novels written in this period. Results of analysis of themes and trends of the novels in this period show that each novel represents parts or whole of such bright and dark sides of the Korean society in this period. Generally speaking, while the Liberation represents hope for the new era, the Partition is a presentation of frustration and agony. This means that novels in our society have the role of mirrors that reflect the reality of our society, at the same time, that of lights that brighten the inner parts of our society. In this sense, as the novels during this period had to comprise both the joy of liberation and the pain of partition, they opened up a new genre in the history of Korean literature.