The purpose of this study was to compare social competence and those relevant factors between children with working mothers and children with unworking mothers. The research design was descriptive and the subjects for this study were 214 school students and 123 middle school students in Taegu. Among a total of 337, it consisted of 168 children with working mothers and 169 with unworking mothers. From July 1st to July 14th in 1999, the data were collected by teachers who selected the subjects among students and the questionnaire filled out by their mothers. The method for this study was used by K-CBCL(the Korean Child Behavior Check List)/4-17. The collected data were analyzed by SAS program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In comparison with the social competency between the children with working mothers and the children with unworking mothers, there was no significant difference. The social competency scores according to the children and mother`s characteristics between the two children group, there was no significant difference. 2. The factors that influenced on their total social competence scores were significantly related to the children`s grade, birth order, temperment, feeding, the standard of domestic economy and the mother`s conjugal relations, satisfaction level, mental health condition and rearing attitude. Even though the working mothers suffered from the experience of separation and less time to spend with children owing to heir jobs, there was no significant difference between two group. The reasons were thought that the working mothers were more in the type of affectionate democracy on the rearing attitude to children and had higher satisfaction level as housewives than the unworking mothers, and substitute rearers was very good. And, because of children and adolescences were influenced by peer group.