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『 황무지 』 의 인식론적 해석
The Epistemological Interpretation of The Waste Land
김구슬(Koo Sul Kim)
현대영미시연구 2권 245-270(26pages)
UCI I410-ECN-0102-2009-840-004434417
* 발행 기관의 요청으로 이용이 불가한 자료입니다.

In 1915 and 1916, T. S. Eliot wrote a Ph.D. dissertation on the epistemology of F. H. Bradley. As Eliot insisted in an article that Bradley had the finest philosophic style and worldly wisdom, Bradley profoundly influenced both the shape and content of Eliot`s work. And an awareness of Eliot`s early philosophical studies, especially of his work on Bradley`s epistemology is very helpful in understanding Eliot`s work and criticism. Eliot`s dissertation springs to life when it is understood in the context of the revolt against dualism. This study tries to illuminate Eliot`s The Waste Land in terms of Bradley`s philosophy. His epistemological concern centers on the study of being, an inquiry into the self, and more precisely, whether it is possible for the self to know anything outside itself. That is to say, it is fundamentally related to the problem of the isolation of the self, the starting point of Eliot`s poetry. In the hierarchy of Bradley`s epistemology, there are three different levels; Feeling or Immediate Experience at the lowest, the ordinary relational consciousness that Bradley finds so inadequate at the intermediate, and finally the supra-relational consciousness or the Absolute at the top, which transcends all relations. Immediate experience is a unity in which subject and object have not yet been separated into related entities. However, it is transcended into the relational consciousness because its own nature is unstable and inconsistent and the self becomes conscious. In the relational consciousness which is of the experienced world, self and non-self, subject and object are separated in consciousness. Though immediate experience passes beyond itself into the relational consciousness, it remains at the bottom throughout as fundamental and guides us toward the supra-relational consciousness. Here exists the possibility of a recovery of unity. Nevertheless, the supra-relational consciousness, the ultimate goal of our knowing requires "annihilation and utter night": a self-denial and self-negation. This is a dialectic of Bradley`s epistemology which is also an essential quality of Eliot`s mind, as is frequently reflected in his critical theories. Bradley`s process of experience may be applied to that of Eliot`s poetry. In his poetry, immediate experience remains as an object of memory. In The Waste Land the protagonist speaks of the crisis of the modern mind and civilization. In the relational experience, the knower is limited to a single perspective, and although the perspective changes from moment to moment, it is single in any given moment. He thus perceives the world not as a whole but as a constantly shifting pattern, which is bound to generate a feeling of disorder. In The Waste Land, Eliot proposes a way of simultaneously perceiving both disunity and unity by contriving a unifying point of view. It is mythic consciousness which is similar to Bradley`s supra-relational consciousness or transcendent experience. Mythic consciousness as well as Bradley`s supra-relational consciousness, which enables us to transcend the experienced world without swallowing up its glory, accounts for Eliot`s desire for wholeness being the basic impulse of his life and art.

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