This study deals with the poetry of the southern agrarian protesters-John Crowe Ransom, Allen Tate, and Robert Penn Warren. These three southerners emerged as the most important poets from among the Fugitives, a group composed of some professors and students of Vanderbilt University from 1911 to 1925. These poets were very different as to the background of their birth-place, their educational level, and their religion, but they shared the wish to conserve the Old South and they all protested against the modern industrialization. They had a profound sense of the past and the history, as well as of the new situation in the American South. They are the Fugitive poets and contributors to the agrarian symposium I`ll Take My Stand. Industrialism may be the American way of life, and agrarianism may be the Southern way of work, but the way of work and the way of life are different. These agrarian protesters are for the way of work, but they are against the way of life of New Southerners. John Crowe Ransom believes that the agrarian way of life was the sole economic base of the Old South and offers it as the only way out of the present difficulties by picturing the happiness and innocent joys of the small farmers in the Old South. His two poems, "Old Mansion" and "Antique Harvesters" illustrate his point. Allen Tate is a profound and subtle critic, whose essays deal not with the idea but with the matters related to the deep illness of the modern mind. He suggests that dissociation of sensibility leads to the two extremes of scientism and symbolism, and he stresses the diagnostic evidence of the dissociation of sensibility. However, there is a lack of communicative effect of his poems on a sensitive reader. One of his better-known poems is the "Ode to the Confederate Dead." The title is ironic since it is not really an ode at all, but a devastating commentary on the alienation of modern humanity from its past. Robert Penn Warren had a great deal of admiration for Red and his unlimited literary skills in 1930`s. Warren has been the most open in texture and personal in the tone of the Fugitive poets. He also contributed an essay on the racial segregation in the South to I`ll Take My Stand, defending Southern and agrarian principles. His "History among the Rocks" describes the Civil War dead in the mountain. The dead are in the valley of rocks, but the orchards continue to bear their fruit without reference to human time. In this poem he is recollection the war, but he is not acting upon his own mind. This article is divided into three main chapters: dualism of Agrarian protesters, economics of the agrarianism, and the literary view of the Fugitives. Each chapter providers evidence and quotations from the main text.