Vietnamese agricultural reform, which is the transformation of the land system, has been developed by the Product Contract System in 1981, the Household Contract System in 1988 and the new Land Law in 1993. The acceleration of the transformation has been mainly due to the Southern peasants` resistance to the socialist collectivized agricultural system. Peasants have done their own business under the formal collectives, and tried to regain their land with the sense of private ownership since `Doi Moi` policy. As the state could not but accept peasants` demand to keep their own land and then stipulated the long-term using right of the land on the new 1993 Land Law, de facto private land ownership system has been established, though its ownership still belongs to the state. Under the process of the agricultural collectivization in the South and decollectivization in the whole country since the reunification, the Southern peasants had the main leverage to change the land ownership system in Vietnam.