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KCI 등재
A Modern Korean Feminist`s Reading of Woong-nyeo Myth
( Seung Hee Kim )
UCI I410-ECN-0102-2009-840-003802391

This paper investigates how the prototype of Korean mother Woong-nyeo (Bear Woman) has achieved her gender identity as the mother of the mythic founder of Korea, Tangun, the presumable forebear of patriarchal Confucian society, as expressed in the ancient book of history, Samguk-Yusa. According to this myth, Tiger and Bear desired to be incarnated as human beings. Due to the lack of endurance, the Tiger is, however, expelled from the earth, breaking the taboo brought by the god Hwan-ung. The remaining animal, the Bear, did endure and was transformed into a human being and was to become the first mother of humanity in Korea. When we analyze Woong-nyeo`s achievement of her gender identity in terms of Jacque Lacan`s or Julia Kristeva`s psychoanalytical semiotics, we can interpret the process of the Bear`s loosing her tigerishness as that of losing the original androgyny in the natural humanity. On the other hand, Tiger`s masculinity corresponds to the unbridled and aggressive female nature or animus energy or eroticism oppressed by Confucianism. As a result, the Bear-woman is idolized as the founding mother of Korea. Since 1970, Korean feminist poets have desired to cast off the identity fixed by the myth of motherhood to retrieve the Tigerishness oppressed by Confucianism and to become free and nomadic subjects. In order to regain the subjectivity of androgyny by restoring the Tigerishness which the Bear-woman has lost, modern feminist poets write bold satire criticizing Confucianism by using erotic or explicitly sexual language. They are describing nomadic freedom in order to destroy the uniform identity fixed by Confucianism by using literary techniques such as surrealistic automatic skill, paradox, oxymoron, parody and cynicism. In fact, the Korean feminist language attempts to repel the imposed identity of Bearishness and expresses the desire to restore the expelled Tigerishness.

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