There have been tremendous changes and confusion in Indonesia. Especially the Separatist Movement developing in the Aceh and Irian areas have been attracting much attention of neighboring SE Asian countries and NE Asian countries. The trouble can be considered as a political panic in Indonesia, which might bring a secondary effect to other neighboring countries in a similar situation. Recent separatist movements in the Aceh area seem to be threatening unified Indonesia. There are many possibilities; the Indonesian government might allow limited autonomy to the aceh area and can maintain the present unified government. Federal government is another possibility. Or it can yield to the demand of the separatists. All these possibilities depend on such factors as separatists` strategy, Indonesian government`s reaction, changes in the indonesian political composition, military authorities`response, and diplomatic relations. The purpose of this study aims at analyzing the cause and possible future development. The relationship, before the declaration of GAM, between the Indonesian government and the Separatist in the Aceh area, and historical back ground of the conflict will be examined. From examining the Indonesian military authorities`infringement of human rights and the government`s succeeding management process, and economic exploitation, this study tries to infer a future for the Aceh area.