The collected poems of W. B. Yeats was an objective correlative for the entirety of his life and thought. He yearned to unify his literature with his philosophy and nationality. Ireland was the focus of his social as well as his artistic interests. Irish nationalism is an important and comprehensive theme through all of Yeats`s poetry. In this paper, I have tried to examine Yeats`s attitudes and views toward the contemporary reality of Ireland, and to prove the poetic embodiment and development of his national vision through his poetry and prose. To verify the theme of Yeats`s nationalism, I have mainly chosen the poems from his poetic volumes Responsibilities and Michael Robartes and the Dancer, because these poems are distinguished in their relationship to social and political problems. What attitudes and view did Yeats have toward contemporary Irish affairs? Yeats regarded the situation of his time as but a bundle of fragments; there were the opposition between Irish Catholics and Protestants, and the philistinism of the middle-class that included violent journalists and radical politicians in Ireland. Thus, he emphasized that those elements must be removed to restore the perfect liberty and independence of Ireland in its true meaning. For Ireland Yeats played a role as a prominent public figure in the Irish Nationalist Movement. He was a romantic nationalist who followed the moral idealism of John O`Leary. He longed for Romantic Ireland. Because he hoped for a peaceful solution to the Irish problems, he claimed that the responsibilities of self-government and the growth of political freedom could be the most powerful solvents for sectarian animosities. Yeats`s poems in Responsibilities are expressions of his challenge to Irish politics of his times, as well as a powerful voice against the journalists of the middle-class in Ireland. In these poems, the theme of Irish public problems has a deep relation to Yeats`s view of the main three public controversies in Ireland. He considered that Romantic Ireland had died away because of the materialism of the narrow-minded middle-class and violent politicians. He detested those who wished to use literature for crude political purposes and he gradually became confident that his poetry could contribute greatly to the renewal of Romantic Ireland. The Easter poems in Michael Robartes and the Dancer show Yeats`s trying to restore Romantic Ireland. The Easter Rising of 1916 gave a great shock to Yeats. His reactions to the rising were complex: he was deeply moved by the resurgence of Romantic Nationalism which he had considered faded. He celebrated the rebels of the Rising as mythological martyrs of the fight for freedom. However, on the human level he mourned the waste of life. What were the opinions that Yeats manifested to restore order in Ireland? Yeats had a firm faith in the Irish tradition. His method for the real independence of Ireland was not to appeal for violent and armed hostilities against England, but to solve the social problems of Ireland itself in terms of the recovery of Irish tradition. He tried to solve the various Irish problems with contrasting analysis of past and present. As for Yeats, past was order and present anarchy. It was in old Celtic history and legends and in the spiritual heritage of the 18th century that he would find the traditional order, which he advocated to recreate Romantic Ireland, fundamentally was based on spiritual elements.