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KCI 등재
베트남 경제 발전의 정치 동학 (1976-1997)
The Political Dynamics of Economic Development in Vietnam (1976-1997)
김종욱 ( Kim Jong Ug )
UCI I410-ECN-0102-2009-910-003096118

In the late 1990s, Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) had been in trouble with its socialist marketeconomy. However, I am not positive about the point that this situation mainly came from the Asian financial crisis at that time. Rather it seems to have deep roots of the inappropriate policy of the Vietnam Communist Party (VCP). This paper examines the relationship between the Vietnam`s Party politics and economicdevelopment since its unification in 1975, based upon the limits of party leadership changes, organizations, decision making process. Analyzing the political fluctuation of the Vietnamese economic development, the paper divides into 4 periods of stagnation (1976-1981), impulsion(1982-1985), preservation (1986-1995), degeneration(1996-1997). First, the party`s promotion of younger cadres and techoncrats could not solve the defects of socialist market economy because of the conflicts between conservatioves and progressives, ideologue and pragmatist after the national reunification. The wartime Party leadership still took charge of the whole politics and economics in the stagnation period. During the impulsion and the preservation periods, it had vigorously selected new members. But the generational changes in the Party could not guaranteed the fundamental transformation despite the establishment of socialist market economy. The new leadership in the degeneration period became younger and more professional but lacked strong charisma at the same time. The prolonged factionalism had disintegrated the leadership in policy making and could not cope with the domestic and international economy in time. Second, the Party had lost its influence in economic policy making for its poor sub-organizations. The preservation of the wartime organizations had tackled the economic reforms in the South and drove the national economy into the stagnated situation. In the impulsion and the preservation periods, the Party had to concede its absolute power to the Government ad the National Assembly including the administrative jurisdictions. However, such attempts could not speed up the economic transition. Rather the national economy fell down into the degeneration because the communist political system itself still had been centralized, because the sub-organizations of the Part, the Government and the National Assembly were not institutionalized with regards to the economic policy. Third, the Party`s efforts to decentralize the decision-making process had not been successful to develop the national economy. The Party in the impulsion period had tried to change the tradition of authoritarian decision making process. The new style of decision making process continued in the preservation period. However, the collapse of East European communist regimes and the Chinese political instability in the late 1980s had the hard-liners come back to regain the power and the liberalization of economic reform should be halted. In the degeneration period, the Party had opportunities again to improve the decision making process and permitted open debates and critical public opinion in the central and the local Party meetings. But the Party had never abandoned its tradition of collectivism and unanimity so it had been unable to respond the current economic situation. The Party`s political approach to the economic issues had decreased its policy efficiency.

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