Purpose : This study was conducted to determine the effects of training on the improvement of independent grooming performance ability and satisfaction with appearance. Methods : The study was done between January 24, 2000 to March 24, 2001 in 60 schizophrenic patients admitted to K Hospital located in U city with 26 patients included in the study group and 24 patients included in the control group. A grooming training program was applied to those patients in the study group for 16 days for 16 times with each session lasting 50-60 min. The degrees of independent grooming performance ability and satisfaction with appearance were measured for 5 days before training to confirm no differences between the two groups. After providing the patients in the study group 16 sessions of grooming training everyday with each session lasting 50-60 min, the degrees of independent grooming performance ability and satisfaction with appearance were observed at immediately after training and at 4 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after training through follow-up study. The same contents were investigated during the same periods of time in the control group and study group. Results : The degrees of satisfaction with appearance and independent grooming performance ability were significantly different at immediately after training and 4 weeks after training compared with before training and still different by 6 months after training although this decrease was only slight with the effect lasting up to 12 months after training in the study group. Conclusion : According to these results, grooming training could be an important rehabilitation process by aiding patients with chronic schizophrenia for the improvement of self-care ability. We believe that the improved effects could be maintained through reinforcement at an appropriate period of time. Therefore, the effectiveness of this training could be verified by utilizing grooming training at hospitals, regional mental convalescent centers, regional welfare centers and other mental health centers. By performing continued and systematic studies that find out appropriate reinforcement techniques and enable this training to be used in daily lives, grooming training could aid mentally handicapped patients with treatment and rehabilitation. However, the interpretation of the result of the present study would be limited since it was done only at one hospital. Therefore, further studies are needed to be done in more patients and on the subject related with improving hospital environment where providing patients with appropriate tools of or clothing for grooming is limited.