Geoffrey Hill`s The Mystery of the Charity of Charles Peguy(1983) shows an enormous advance, an extension of range and an increase of suppleness, over the style of his early poetry. Hill`s development in The Mystery can be regarded as a genuine growth of thought and of feeling. At the same time, The Mystery continues the main concerns in Hill`s earlier work, expecially the interests in history, in language and its use and development, and in the individual`s interaction with his/her society in relation to constraints pertaining to all these. This study aims to read The Mystery closely, and to reveal that The Mystery is a scrutiny of how history is commonly read or rather misread, since history is always represented by problematic language. The poem is mainly concerned with the ways in which we apprehend history, the acquisition of language and ideas in terms of social environment and landscape, responsibilities pertaining the use of language, and the problems of judgment and justice. The hundred quatrains of The Mystery are an artful patterning and lamentation of Peguy`s death, and a profound meditation on the artist`s responsibility. The extended lyrical meditation of the poem is again about the relationship between the facts of history, truth and language.