This paper aims to look for a possibility of contradictory combination of region-centered bioregionalism and cosmopolitanism in Gary Snyder`s ecology through Immanuel Kant and Jacques Derrida. Snyder`s worries about regionalism implicit in bioregionalism urge him to introduce cosmopolitanism. Snyder proposes to keep a balance between cosmopolitanism and bioregionalism. In his essay on cosmopolitanism, Kant presents the idea of `a common right to the surface of the earth.` The earth is a common land to all. All are `natives` to the earth. According to Jacques Derrida`s interpretation of Kantian cosmopolitanism, Kant acknowledges the common right to the surface of the earth but Kant would like to reserve an exclusive right for what is `erected` or `constructed` on the surface of the earth. But Derrida says that when an exclusive right is secured, an `initial violence` is done to the common right to the surface of the earth. Derrida argues that any `habitat` is just an `illegally` and `violently` `constructed` one that interferes with `the common right to the surface of the earth.` All `habitats` are `illegals.` Any regionalism or even bioregionalism is one of `illegals` in the light of the cosmopolitan right to the surface of the earth. With Kantian idea of cosmopolitanism and Derrida`s interpretation of Kantian cosmopolitanism, this paper shows that Snyder`s bioregionalism can be acceptable only if it is based on cosmopolitanism since even bioregions can be thought to be `constructed` or `erected` on `the surface of the earth` that `originally` belongs to all on the earth without any discrimination, animals, humans, plants, mountains, predators, enemies, etc. Any `re-inhabitation` in land and `becoming natives` to land which Snyder suggests in his ecological projects should begin with the idea of `pure land` on which nothing has been `constructed,` like `the surface of the earth.` The common right to the surface of the earth should be given priority to. After this right is guaranteed, an ecological community can be `constructed` or `erected` on the surface of the earth regionally and temporarily, and only then, cosmopolitan bioregionalism can be put into practice.