The purpose of the present study was to search for ways to improve implementing the National Assessment of Educational Achievement (NAEA). For this purpose, this study examined the process and contents related to the development, scoring, and result reporting of the NAEA, mainly in 2010, then presented main difficulties on implementing the NAEA and possible solutions as follows. Firstly, the NAEA has got to implemented on a large scale, so the number of the interested parties are increased. As a result, it is hard to reach an agreement among them. Therefore, a stable consultative group such as National Assessment Governing Board in U.S. should be formed and a legal ground for implementing the NAEA also should be established. Secondly, the NAEA has tried for compare achievement levels of students to those for the previous year. For it, the assessment framework for NAEA should be systematically established, and test equating programme also should be developed and elaborated more. Moreover, the manual for developing the NAEA test item should be prepared and the system for training competent test developers should be built. Lastly, the NAEA has included the construct items, so scoring and reporting them takes much time and money. Also, it becomes more important to establish the scoring system for securing its reliability, validity. Therefore, KICE has developed the online scoring system and elaborated consistently. More importantly, it is necessary for keeping persuading people about educational significance of the construct item, by extension, essay test itself.