Ogyu Sorai(1666-1728), one of the representatives of ``Ancient Lear Tokugawa Japan was a confucian scholar active one generation after Ito J his primal writing "Benmei(Declaration of the Right and wrong)" wri classical Chinese, he criticised Zhuxi`s metaphysical internalism by creative interpretations to some basic Confucian concepts. He concer about the linguistic aspects of ancient texts. As he raised serious Zhuxi`s attitude of interpretation with his linguistic knowledge i classics, his scholarship got the name of Kobunjikaku, Studies of Incie and Literature. Sorai`s Kobunjikaku starts from the premises that man i being with compassions to help each other. In that respect, Sara Mencius`s theory of Good Nature. Sorai believes that Sage Kings in antiquity established the way(dao) and led the people to practice bene concrete social contexts. He insisted that the very contents of the wa Kings is nothing other than ``Ritual, Music, Law, and Institutions``. ``Ri Law, and Institutions`` is equal to political systems which control the whole. In the respect that he assumes that contemporary national i embody the hay of Sage Kings, it can be said that he accepted Xunzi`s p realism. Sorai constructed his system of thought based on political realism, a ground he rejected Zhuxi`s ideas on sagehood and internal moralism argued that one can attain the state of the Sage by learning and pract was the result of his internal moralism. But Sorai criticised Zhuxi` becoming sage through learning and moral self-cultivation. Instead, Sora the view that modern scholars have to learn the teaching of ancient Sages. But he rejected the idea of becoming a Sage by learning. His view was a logical conclusion from his definition on Sage Kings. Sorai defined the Sage as Creators of Ancient Culture. As Creators of Culture, Sages must be Kings of Ancient China. Only one exception was Confucius. So the aim of Confucian studies is not to become a Sage but to learn and try to embody the Culture and the Way created by Sages. Confucian scholars of the Song China defined Sage as a man of perfect Virture, so they considered that one can attain sagehood through moral cultivation. Sorai thought that their ideas of becoming sagehood catne from misunderstanging of the meaning of the way of Sages. To Sorai, Sage is not an object to be attained but an object of worship. Sage has perfect Virture. His perfect Virture has a divine quality. With that divine quality, Sage makes the communication between Heaven and Ian possible. Sorai worshiped Confucius as a Sage even though he was not a ruler King. Confucius, according to Sorai, was a embodied perfect Virture, and He played the role of Creator of Culture by synthesising and transmitting ancient way(=Ritua1s and Music), must had been disappered without Him. The Way Confucius transmitted was the Way of pacifing people`s life. Because the very nature of Sage`s ay was making people`s life peaceful, Confucius`s merit to transmit the Way was equal to the Creator of it. Sorai wrote Rongocho to clarify the divine merit of Confucius by repulsing Zhuxi`s moralistically biased interpretation on Confucian Analects.