Ancient myths refer to the most basic problems of human life, for they are concerned with the ultimate meaning, not only of our own existence, but of the entire cosmos as well. This paper deals with the outlook on the universe, the type of creation of each country, and the mutual influence of the two countries on each other, focusing on Chinese and Korean myths. This article is subdivided into two sections: chaos and creation of the world, and cosmos after creation. In the Chinese case, some fragments of creation myths remain in the form of both written records and oral traditions. By contrast, some vestiges of creation myths can be found in Korean shaman songs. Concerning cosmology we can summarize as follows: (1) Conditions before the beginning of the world-Chaos in both countires; (2) Creator-gods-Pan Gu and Nu Wa in China; Hwan In, Miruk in Korea; (3) Methods of creation-Transformation, or spontaneous generation in China; Partial transformation, creation by a creator, or spontaneous generation in Korea (such motifs as chaos and pillar are common in both myths); (4) The creation of a human being out of yellow clay in both countries (the motif of the transformation of a super being into human beings is found only in the Chinese myth); (5) a clear-cut difference between the two myths is that later on the relationship between heaven and humans in Chinese myth suddenly stopped, whereas the rift between the two worlds never occurred in Korean myth.