The Hangeul symbol that indicate the phoneme (and phoneme chain) is called ``낱자/Natja``(letter), and fundamentally, the Hangeul symbol that indicate the syllable is called ``글자/Geulja``(syllable sign). The shape of Natja and Geulja adequately display the nature of each phoneme and syllable of the Korean language, but there are exceptions. However, this fact is not properly reflected even in man­ agement regulations of the Korean nation. As a result, erroneous information related to the Korean language and the Korean alphabet Hangeul is significantly distributed in various parts and outside of Korea. Wrongful information and understanding reduce the effect of teaching and learning the Korean language and Hangeul, and becomes a disability in propagating them internationally. Based on the above perception, the problems in relation to Natja and Geulja, and the Korean phoneme and syllable are discussed in detail and brought to attention. The problem caused by processing diphthongs as one branch of the vowel has been discussed, and the ``consonant, vowel`` and ``consonant letter, vowel letter`` have indi­ vidually been emphasized for strict classification. Furthermore, the problem of the ``chart of basic syllables``(기본 음절표) that has been included in the elementary school textbook for a long time has been pointed out, and the ``chart of syllable signs without the final conso­ nant letter``(민받침글자표), the new ``chart of basic syllables`` founded on the vowel of the Korean language has been proposed. Also, the blind faith on the basis of Hangeul has been pointed out as an important cause of various errors. Related organizations and agencies had better make correction and supplement regulations of the Korean language and Hangeul as soon as possible, and should take actions to educate and distribute them.