본 연구는 소상공인에 대한 금융지원인 정부의 정책자금과 일반 은행 대출의 실질연체율의 비교?분석을 통하여 국가 전체의 균형발전의 관점에서 소상공인의 경쟁력 향상을 위한 효율적인 금융지원을 어떻게 하여야 하는 가를 조사하였다. 분석결과에 나타난 주요 특징을 요약하면 첫째, 2008년을 제외하고는 정책자금의 연체율이 일반 은행 대출의 연체율보다 통계적으로 의미 있게 낮았으며 둘째, 정책자금과 일반 은행 대출 두 지원방법 다 지방은행의 실질연체율이 시중은행의 실질연체율보다 의미 있게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 전국에서 유일하게 별도로 자영업지원센터를 운영하는 지방 P은행의 경우 다른 지방은행과 비교해서도 낮았지만, 특히 시중은행과는 더욱 현저히 차이가 나서 그 차이가 일반 은행 대출의 경우 0.822%에 이르는 것으로 조사되었다. 소상공인을 금융 지원하는 정부의 정책자금과 일반 은행 대출의 실질연체율을 비교·분석한 결과를 요약 하면 소상공인을 지원함에 있어 컨설팅과 교육을 연결하여 대출을 실시하고 자율적이고 시장 원리에 맞는 지역 금융시스템을 구축해나갈 필요가 있다는 것이다. 일반 은행은 지난 10여 년간 일선에서 소상공인을 지원하면서 많은 경험과 인프라를 축적한 소상공인 지원센터 시스템 및 상담사의 상담 능력을 벤치마킹하여 대출과 연계하고 현재 정책자금을 실시하는 중요 주체인 소상공인 진흥원 및 소상공인지원센터는 보다 효율적인 금융지원이 될 수 있도록 더욱 컨설팅 및 교육 인프라를 확충하는 게 중요하다는 것이 본 연구 결과가 시사하는 바이다.

This study analyzed the way for efficient financial support to improve the competitiveness of small enterprise through the comparison of the loan default rates between the policy fund and banks loan for small enterprise in light of national balanced economy. Important findings are as follows. 1) The default rate of the policy fund is lower than that of the banks loan for small enterprise except the year of 2008 and the difference among the default rates fetches to 0.243%. The difference in the default rates outstands in 2011. It may be due to the fact that the policy fund changes to the priority system which subsidizes the people first who took education and consulting courses beginning 2010. The financial support associated with education and consulting is expected to perform better than that without education and consulting in terms of the loan default rate. The fact that the interest rate of the policy fund is lower than that of banks loan could result in the lower default rate for the policy fund. Yet low interest rate turns out to be not related with low default rate in this analysis. Thus, it can be concluded that the financial support associated with education and consulting is superior to the other case. 2) The loan default rate of local banks is lower than that of nationwide banks across the policy fund and the bank loans. The difference in the loan default rate by local banks and nationwide banks amounts to 0.384% for the policy fund and 0.605% for banks loan. The result indicates that the loan to small enterprise is regionally oriented since small enterprise is based on the region. 3) The loan default rate of the local ``P Bank`` which operates the consulting center on its own for small enterprise is significantly lower than that of nationwide banks. The difference in the default rates amounted to 0.822%. Besides there was no notable difference across the policy fund and banks loan for ``P Bank.`` The loan default rate of the local ``P bank`` is lower than that of the other local banks, too. Therefore, the lower default rate of the policy fund is attributable to consulting and education system, not to lower interest rate set by the policy. It is concluded that the financial support for small enterprise works better with the appropriate consulting and education and local financial system needs to be constructed in accordance with this findings. It has been reported that the policy fund increases the sales volume of small enterprise and the fund has positive effect on the performance of management for small enterprise. But the policy fund can`t accomodate all of 2.7 million of small enterprise in Korea. Banks loan take most of loan to small enterprise. Therefore, The financial support under frequent start and closure of small enterprises these days needs to be associated with the appropriate consulting and education for the balanced economy as a whole. The outstanding banks loan to small enterprise now reached over 100 trillion won. If the default rate of bank loan ever rise, it gives much more financial distress to the banks. As a result, the national economy will surely suffer. The banks need to benchmark the expertise of the Small Enterprise Development System which has been accumulated over the last 20 years by serving numerous small enterprises. In addition, the Small Enterprise Development System which oversees the policy fund also needs to intensify the consulting and educational infrastructure for the efficient financial support to small enterprise in Korea. This paper finds that the superiority of the policy fund to the banks loan is attributable not to the lower interest rate of the policy fund, but to the role of the counsellor at the Small Enterprise Development System which provides the consulting and education and shows the way to the efficient financial system to strengthen the competitiveness of small enterprise in the future. When small enterprise borrows take loan from banks, the criteria for loan decision by banks should be based on its pure creditability. For regional financial system in accordance with spontaneous economic principle to work properly, the banks need to develop credit rating model associated with stylized and standard abilities of the counsellors at the Small Enterprise Development System. It is crucial since small enterprise, especially at the beginning stage in its business, does not have enough sound financial data for applying for banks loan. As a matter of fact, many of start-ups are excluded even from the policy fund since the lending process of the policy fund also puts a lot of emphasis on quantitative figure such sales volume, net income, etc. Therefore the policy fund tends to be not properly served according to its original purpose of aiding start-ups of small enterprises. The policy fund rather subsidizes mature small enterprises with good financial status. Considering that there is a great need for money at the beginning stage of small enterprise, the policy fund and banks loan need to be allocated more to start-ups rather than to growing enterprise with better statistics in terms of sales volume and managerial environment. The appropriate credit rating model needs to be developed by incorporating the evaluation and recommendation by the counsellors at the Small Enterprise Development System. The banks loan does not differentiate between small enterprise and an individual or self-employed although the government puts much energy in supporting small enterprise including making the law for small enterprise explicitly. Therefore, banks loan system needs to be coordinated in accordance with government policy for the competitiveness of small enterprise in light of national balanced economy, which in turn makes the aid more effective and efficient. This study yet has limitations in that the differences in default rates between the banks loan and the policy fund are compared in univariate way for each category of industries, interest rates, gender, age, the business history, etc. To analyze the determinants of the default rates of loan in more comprehensive way, multivariate regression analysis needs to be employed by designating the default rate as a dependent variable and industries, interest rates, gender, age, ways of supporting aids, the business history, etc. as independent variables. The data including financial statements for small enterprise in Korea is hardly available for the quantitative analysis such as regression analysis. Small sample of 7 banks analyzed, missing data, outliers, etc. are also restrictions for this analysis. It is advised that in future study more number of banks and more data after 2011 need to be analyzed to reach more meaningful conclusion for efficient way of financial support to small enterprise in terms of national economy.