본 연구에서는 단기상담의 발달단계별 상담자 역할을 훈련하는 3단계 프로그램을 개발하고, 피훈련자들의 상담자 자기효능감과 상태불안의 유의미한 변화 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 두 가지로 수행된 연구 중 첫째, 프로그램 개발에서는 3단계 훈련프로그램을 구성하였다. 제1단계 단기상담 핵심기법 훈련에서는 공감, 자기노출, 맞닥뜨림 기법을 훈련하고, 제2단계 단기상담 발달단계별 역할훈련에서는 시작단계, 준비단계, 작업단계, 종결단계의 상담자 역할을 훈련하며, 제3단계 단기상담 수퍼비전에서는 실제 수행한 단기상담을 발달단계별로 수퍼비전하였다. 단계별 프로그램의 훈련 방법에는 순환식 훈련, 모델링과 역할놀이, 긍정적 피이드백, 그리고 동료 상호작용 요소를 적용하였다. 둘째, 프로그램 효과 검증에서는 단계별 훈련이 피훈련자들의 자기효능감을 높이고 불안을 낮춘다는 가설을 검증함으로써, 궁극적으로 단기상담 훈련이 단기상담 수행 능력을 높이는지를 알아보았다. 연구대상은 서울과 경기 지역의 상담 전공자 27명으로써, 실험집단 14명 통제집단 13명이었다. 실험집단에 제1, 2단계 훈련을 각각 14시간씩 실시하였고, 제3단계 수퍼비전은 그 중 희망자 3명에게 실시하였다. 실험-통제집단간 사전, 사후, 추수검사의 평균 점수를 HLM 5.0을 사용하여 다층모형으로 분석한 결과, 집단간 상담자 자기효능감과 상태불안 점수의 발달곡선에서 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 개인배경변수에 의한 효과는 없었다. 본 연구의 의의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 단기상담 발달단계별 상담자 역할을 훈련하는 3단계 훈련프로그램을 개발함으로써 일련의 단기상담 훈련 모형을 제안하였다. 둘째, 단기상담훈련 과정은 상담자 자기효능감을 높이고 상태불안을 낮추었고, 상담 수행에 유의미한 효과가 있었다. 셋째, 훈련 방법으로 적용된 순환식 훈련, 관찰학습과 역할놀이, 동료 상호작용이 효과적인 방법적 요인으로 규명되었다. 넷째, 다층모형(HLM)으로 훈련 효과를 분석함으로써 집단간 시간에 따른 성장 효과를 규명하였다.

This study was based on the hypothesis that brief therapy training is an effective tool which could increase the efficiency of brief therapy operation. This study explores ways to develop and evaluate the subsequent programs. The methods of the programs were based on previous studies including important training factors. The programs` main purpose was two-folded. First, it provides prospective brief therapists with various skills such as empathy, self-disclosure, and confrontation. Second, it equips them with the counselor`s roles of each developmental stage such as initial stage, transition stage, working stage, and terminal stage. The training programs were divided into three stages; first stage was to train basic counseling skills, second was to train the roles of developmental stages elaborating the skills learned in the first stage, and third stage was to supervise real counseling activities. The major training methods utilized in these programs were cycling training, modeling, role-playing, and peer interaction. The training subjects were consisted of 27 graduate-level volunteers who were familiar with the counseling procedures. They were randomly assigned into an experimental group and a control group consisting of 14 and 13 students each. The experimental group was operated using the first and second stage programs for intensive 14 hours each. And 3 volunteers from the experimental group were operated using the third stage program named the Structured Peer Group Supervision for total of 20 hours (2 hour sessions per week for 10 weeks). The results of this study were analyzed by multilevel analysis method using HLM 5.0, as well as by qualitative analyses. The study shows the following results: The developed 3-stage programs increased the trainees` counselor self-efficacy using by Counselor Self-Estimate Inventory (COSE) significantly, and decreased their state anxiety using by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). This result was statistically meaningful. In the discussion section, an examination and discussion were included for issues related to the results of the study, the adequacy of the programs, the evaluation method, and the training methods. After comparing the results of this study with previous literature, this study provides with the following conclusions. The training programs for brief therapists developed in this study is effective in increasing the counselor self-efficacy and in decreasing the state anxiety of counselors. This study also shows that counselor training programs should be supplemented by supervision stage providing more intensive counseling experience in order to have effect on brief therapy. Based on this study, current 3-stage brief therapy training programs will provide counselors with tools.