Through a series of comparison between Chinese and Korean (including Altaic language), the author has conducted some relevant conclusions. The author demonstrated that corresponding materials on Chinese and Altaic language could be used to help study the consonant system in archaic Chinese, and even rebuild related “Chinese-Altaic cognate phrase”. This paper focused mainly on the correspondence between Chinese archaic words related to the “旨（ZHI）phonetic radicals” in 《SHUO WEN JIE ZI》and Altaic native words, and the corresponding “Chinese-Altaic quasi-cognate phrase”as well. In the “旨（ZHI）phonetic radicals”, fourteen which include 指、지、脂、稽、혜、耆、기、□、 □ 、 기、□、기,can find their corresponding words in related Altaic language. Here take the Chinese-Altaic correspondence rule to the words related to“指”： 指〔*kljide〕(Archaic Chinese-finger): 〔*karak〕(Middle Korean-hand)、 〔gala〕(Manchu language-hand)、 〔gar〕(Mongolian-hand)、〔kol〕(Turkish-hand)、 〔kol〕(Uighur language-hand)、〔(te)gara〕(Japanese-hand).According to these corresponding materials, this paper reorganized and integrated seven related Chinese-Altaic quasi-cognate phrases including ‘〔Kvr-〕/{divergence}Chinese-Altaic cognate phrase’. In addition, this paper also discussed the following archaic Chinese initial consonants. (1)照三（ZHAO SAN）may have been read as 〔KRj-〕category in archaic time.(2)Archaic SI DENG 〔1〕medial can be proven.(3)Velar CHONG NIU SAN DENG words probadly have been read as 〔KR-〕in Archaic time.