This study was undertaken in order to test the effect of health education on the performance of health promoting behavior, and to determine factors affecting health promoting behavior in college students. The subject were 157 students of one university in K city. Analysis of data was done by use of mean, percentage, t-test, pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with SAS program. The result of this study are as follows: 1. The average item score for the health promoting behavior was low at 2.25. In the sub-categories, the highest degree of performance was ``self-achievement``, following ``interpersonal support``, ``stress management``, ``nutrition``, and ``exercise``, and the lowest degree was ``health responsibility``. 2. There was not a statistically significant difference between the average of the pre-test and the average of the post-test for the health promoting behavior. In the sub-categories, there was a statistically significant difference between the average of the pre-test and the average of the post-test for the health responsibility 3. Performance of health-promoting behavior was positively correlated with self-efficacy, internal locus of control, powerful others locus of control, self-esteem, and perceived health status. Performance of self-achievement was positively correlated with self-efficacy, internal locus of control, self-esteem, and perceived health status and negatively correlated with chance locus of control. Performance of health responsibility was positively correlated with self-efficacy, powerful others locus of control, and self-esteem and negatively correlated with internal locus of control. Performance of exercise was significantly correlated with self-efficacy. Performance of nutrition was significantly correlated with self-efficacy and perceived health status. Performance of interpersonal support was significantly correlated with self-efficacy, internal locus of control, self-esteem, and perceived health status. Performance of stress management was significantly correlated with self-efficacy, internal locus of control, self-esteem, and perceived health status. 4. Self-efficacy was the highest factor predicting health promoting behavior. These results suggest that more effective health education programs need to be developed through by content analysis of health education.