본 연구는 집단상담의 특성을 반영한 집단상담 과정-성과의 준거를 제시함으로써 집단상담 과정-성과준거 모형을 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 집단상담 과정-성과준거의 주요 범주와 요소를 찾기 위해 성과와 관련된 문헌검토 및 4명의 집단상담 숙련 전문가 면담을 통해 초안을 개발하였다. 집단상담 과정-성과준거의 내용타당성에 대한 전문가들의 합의과정을 도출하기 위해 30명의 집단상담 전문가에게 3차에 걸쳐 델파이 방법(Delphi method)을 사용하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS 17.0 통계프로그램을 사용하여 각 항목별 중요도와 내용타당도를 Lawshe가 개발한 내적 타당도 산출 공식을 적용하여 항목별 CVR(Content Validity Ratio)을 산출하였다. 연구결과 55개 문항으로 구성된 집단상담 과정-성과 항목을 찾아냈고, 총 8개의 집단상담 성과범주로 ‘사회적 기능수준 증진’, ‘정서적 안정감’, ‘집단원들에 의한 가족 및 타인이해’, ‘주관적 불편감 감소’, ‘다각적 자기이해’, ‘문제 해결능력 증진’, ‘실존적 요인들’, ‘대인관계 능력 증진’ 등이 확인되었다. 주요 집단상담 과정범주로는 ‘피드백’, ‘관찰’, ‘실험’, ‘다수의 공감’, ‘상호작용’ 등 5개가 추출되었다. 주요 과정-성과는 ‘피드백을 통한 다각적 자기이해와 문제 해결능력 증진’, ‘관찰을 통한 가족 및 타인이해와 다각적 자기이해’, ‘실험을 통한 문제 해결능력 증진’, ‘다수의 공감을 통한 정서적 안정감과 다각적 자기이해’, ‘상호작용을 통한 대인관계 능력 증진’으로 확인되었다. 집단상담 과정-성과 항목에서 도출된 주요 집단상담 과정과 성과는 개인상담과는 차별적인 집단상담 성과의 특성을 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 최종 델파이 결과를 통합하여 집단상담 과정-성과 모형을 제시하였으며 연구결과를 바탕으로 후속연구 및 상담현장에서의 시사점을 논하였다.

This study was aimed to present the group counseling process and outcome criteria to develop its criteria model. To identify the major categories and elements of group counseling process-outcome criteria, relevant literature was reviewed and four experts on group counseling were interviewed. Thus, a basic plan was developed. To derive experts` agreement on the validity of group counseling process-outcome criteria contents, the Dephi method was used three times in surveying 30 experts on group counseling. Data were treated using the SPSS 17.0 statistical program, and to prove the importance and validity of individual items, the internal validity formula, developed by Lawshe, was used in calculating the CVR(Content Validity Ratio) of individual items. As a result, 55 questions were derived as the group counseling process-outcome categories and 8 categories were identified for the group counseling outcome- promotion of social function skill, emotional sense of stability, the understanding of family and others by group members, reduction of subjective discomfort, multiple self-understanding, the promotion of problem-solving, existential factors and the promotion of interpersonal. The five categories for group counseling processes were evaluated as important process which were feedback, observation, experiment, numerous people`s sympathy, and interaction. The result showed that multiple self-understanding and the promotion of problem-solving through feedback, the understanding of family and others, multiple self-understanding through observation, the promotion of problem-solving ability through experimentation, emotional sense of stability and multiple self-understanding by numerous people`s sympathy, the promotion of interpersonal through interaction were evaluated for major group counseling process-outcome. Thus, the major group counseling process- confirmed in the group counseling - outcome category, unlike individual counseling, presented the characteristics of group counseling, to which attention needs to be drawn. Finally, a model was presented by integrating Dephi survey results. Based on the findings of research, follow-up research and implications in the counseling field were discussed.