This study presents the analysis results of anxiety in Die Verwandlung by Franz Kafka. It is well established that his life was anxiety itself and that anxiety is one common theme throughout his works. In the study, the investigator understood anxiety as the spirit of the times of modernism in the early 20th century instead of interpreting it biographically and metaphysically since he was a typical modernist in that he saw the deconstruction of totality as loss and embodied it into anxiety in his works. The study also examined him in connection with Rilke, Hofmannstahl, Buchner, and Pascal, who forecasted disaster that rationalism and scientific technology would bring about, in order to highlight his modernist characteristics. In Die Verwandlung, the protagonist Gregor is an outsider who is not capable of social life. Standing outside the center, an outsider can see the society better than anyone else. As an outsider, Gregor sees the society as one in complete lack of human relationships, which made the investigator delve into solitude and anxiety Gregor felt in such a society in a concrete manner. He resisted against the society to keep the human values, but his attempts of resistance were doomed to end in his death. Anxiety one feels in a society that does not tolerate human values was the spirit of the times during the modernism period in the early 20th century and, at the same time, is the destiny of modern people living in the 21st century.