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KCI 등재
현대 중국어 "몰(沒)+형용사"의 특징 고찰
A Study on "mei(沒)+adjective" in Modern Chinese
장선우
중국언어연구 60권 81-104(24pages)
UCI I410-ECN-0102-2016-720-000253205

本文分析"沒+形容詞"結構,考察了能受到否定副詞"沒"的形容詞具有的特征。一般認爲形容詞只受到否定副詞"不"的修飾,而不能受到"沒"的修飾。但從實際語料發現,有些形容詞是可以受"沒"修飾表示否定。前人硏究認爲"動態"形容詞,卽表示"變化性"且能帶"了"的形容詞可以受"沒"否定。但我們可以發現不是所有能帶"了"的形容詞能受"沒"表示否定。因此,本文考察了"沒+形容詞"的句法語義特征,在此基礎上進一步考察了形容詞的語義特征。因爲語義和形式處于互補關系,語義上的不同可以在形式上表現出來,反過來也如此。根据"沒+形容詞"表示的意義,可以將之分爲兩類:一、表示"不具有該性質或狀態",主要后面帶有動態助詞"過",標爲[不存在];二、表示"沒有達到某種程度",后面帶有補語"到",標爲[未達]。[不存在]類中的形容詞主要具有"境況、品格、視感、濕度、高度``等語義値。而[未達]類形容詞主要具有"境況、樣貌、視感、顔色、性質"等語義値。這些形容詞主要表示人或事物的性質或狀態,而表示事件的形容詞一般不受"沒"修飾,只受"不"表示否定。從語體角度看,"沒+形容詞"結構主要用于口語對話。因爲對話中凸顯的是"主體",而不是"事件的過程"。這也剛好說明了表示事件的形容詞不受"沒"修飾的原因。從敎學角度看,"沒+形容詞"結構是一個受一定限制的句式。我們可以把語義和形式結合進行講授,有助于學生學習運用。

This paper examined which kind of adjectives can be modified by negative adverbs ``mei(沒)``. In general, adjectives only with the negative adverb ``bu(不)``, But some of them can be modified by negative adverb ``mei(沒)``. According to the meaning of ``mei(沒)+adjective``, we can divide these structure into two categories: one is [-exist], which means ``does not have this property or state``; the other is [-reach], which means ``does not reach a certain degree``. The former adjectives mainly have ``condition, character`` as semantic features. The latter one mainly have ``look, color, property`` as semantic features. These adjectives mainly consider people or things. As for the style of writing, the ``mei(沒)+adjective`` structure are mainly used in spoken language.

1. 서론
2. 형용사의 부정형
3. '沒+형용사'의 구조적 특징
4. '沒+형용사'의 의미 특징
5. '沒+형용사'의 문제 특징
6. 결론
[자료제공 : 네이버학술정보]
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