The purpose of this paper is to identify the meaning of the pure in the modern Korean enlightenment period through the National Essence and of Shin Chae-Ho. Modern period includes people with Korean language. Korean language mediates the people and nation-state. The ultimate goal of Shin Chae-Ho was to make a nation-state. The nation-state shall consist of people. National Essence is very important element to form a nation. According to Shin Chae-Ho, National Essence is the point at which the identity of the nation expressed to the maximum. This is the reconstructed origins at the entrance of the modern period. By discrimination and exclusion, including a identical thing and excluding a nonidentical thing is the principle of the pure. tells that the pure is on the formation process of modern poetry. In the Shin Chae-Ho suggests that language, writing and rhythm of own is the most important element in Korean Poetry. This means that the pure contains both the content and the form unlike the existing fact that the pure contains only content. With this classification rules, Shin Chae-Ho proposes a new poetry in the new era. In conclusion, up to date, We have understood the pure is the opponent of political thing. But the pure in the Korean modern enlightenment period represents the nation and is the sense of the modernity.