Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of ego-resilience and work environment on job satisfaction in psychiatric nurses. Methods: The participants were 170 nurses from M, W, and S mental hospitals in J province. Data were collected from March 1 to April 30, 2015, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0. Results: The mean score for ego-resilience was 36.7±4.25, for work environment, 30.9±3.57, and for job satisfaction, 56.86±6.88. Ego-resilience showed positive correlations with work environment (r=.195, p=.011) and job satisfaction (r=.252, p=.001). Work environment showed a positive correlation with job satisfaction (r=.513, p<.001). Significant factors that influenced job satisfaction were ego-resilience, work environment, marital status, religion and type of duty. These variables explained 33.4% of job satisfaction. Conclusion: These findings indicate that an ego-resilience and work environment enhancement programs should be developed to increase job satisfaction in psychiatric nurses. There is also a need for further studies to examine effects of developed programs.