Objectives: This study examines the effects of family environment, food parenting practice, nutrient knowledge and home food environment on the dietary behavior of middle school students. Methods: A structured questionnaire was conducted on 1,006 middle school students, of which 469 were male and 537 were female students. Structural equation modeling was used by setting food parenting practice and family environment as the exogenous variable, and nutrient knowledge, home food environment and dietary behavior as the endogenous variable. Results: As food parenting practice had direct effects on nutrient knowledge and home food environment, nutrient knowledge and home food environment also had direct effects on dietary behavior. Food parenting practice indirectly affects dietary behavior by having the home food environment as a parameter. Conclusions: Positive parenting practices and a healthy home food environment are necessary in constructing a desirable dietary behavior for adolescents. Therefore, it is suggested that education and support targeted for parents could be provided.