Nations of the former Soviet Union that gained independence after the Soviet Union was fragmented have all dealt with linguistic issues politically at the state level. Central Asian nations have also devoted themselves to raise the status of national language which was eaten into by Russian for a long time through a variety of policies. However, the outcomes are much inferior to the Baltic or Caucasus nations that became independent around the same time. This paper finds the key to explain such situation in the particular concept of nation of Central Asia. While revealing that concept of nation in the Central Asian society was formed as a concept of social or political group at first and does not vary much from the concept for a long time, this study explains the process that modern European concept of nation put down its root by the nation creation polices of the Soviet regime and the situation that the status of Russian was fixed in the meantime. Because modern concept of nation was formed but it was not established spontaneously over a long period of time, national identity of Central Asians is relatively weak, and the fact is considered to remain an obstacle in effective implementation of language policies.