詞휘系統是作爲這個語言系統的子系統,語言裏以整體的面貌出現的。詞휘是一種系統。這種系統是由詞和相當于詞的定型結構成分按一定的秩序而構成的。本文是從共時的角度出發說明詞휘系統都由某種關系而構成的。而這種某種關系都詞휘系統裏的成分和自己的特性與具有共同特性的其他成分按一定的秩序結合而都處在系統裏一定的位置上。作爲詞휘系統裏一切成分的資格타們都處在層次關系和結合關系以及類娶關系當中。層次關系是詞在系統裏的層次級別。從語法來看,詞素是造詞單位,詞是造詞組的單位,詞組是造句的單位。這樣來看,句子是最高層的單位,下一層是詞組,再下一層是詞,最下層就是詞素了。可本文要分析的是以詞和定型結構爲主。定型結構包括成語、慣用語、諺語、歇後語和專有名詞的總휘。타們都是定型結構體,能獨立造句,具有和詞相同的性質和條件的功能特性。因此詞和定型結構是在詞휘系統裏都處在同一個線上。結合關系指的是在詞휘系統裏詞和詞之間結合的能力。系統裏的成分按自己的結合特性(實詞和虛詞的特性)和結合規律(主謂、動賓、偏正、補充、聯合式)特性來參與結合活動。類聚關系指的是詞휘系統裏許多成分的性質和特性,總要同具備著相同或相近,甚至相反的其他成分形成多方面的同類類娶關系。這就是類娶關系。這樣詞휘系統裏的秩序關系,就是層次關系和結合關系以及類聚關系互相聯系形成整個詞휘系統的面貌。
Lexical distribution in the language system is not in a heap of loose sand, Lexical as a kind of system that is a subsystem of the whole language system. The Modern Chinese Lexical system is composed of words and the fixed structure of words. The fixed structure comprises idioms, phrase, proverbs, Xiehouyu and proper nouns, they are stereotype structures, independent sentences, and have the same functional properties with the words, so fixed structure and words are the two basic elements and in the same line of the Lexical system. This thesis attempts to analysis the elements in the Lexical system through synchronic perspective to show that the lexical system is composed of a relationship, and this relationship is formed by all components of the Lexical system according to their own characteristics and a certain order. There are three main types of this relationship, hierarchy relations and syntagmatic relations and paradigmatic relations. In brief, The hierarchy relations is the hierarchy and level of words in the Lexical system. Syntagmatic relations refers to the combination ability between word and word. Paradigmatic relations means the components in the lexical system is always combined with the same or similar, or even contrary meaning of the other components to form various similar clustering relations. From this thesis we can see that the modern Chinese Lexical system formed the overall appearance and linked to each other through hierarchy relations and syntagmatic relations and paradigmatic relations.