Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure the rate of pneumococcal vaccination and vaccination-related factors and to identify the predictors of vaccine uptake behavior among the adults recommended for the immunization. Methods: Cross-sectional survey was performed with questionnaires provided to 205 adults who recommended for the immunization among inpatients and outpatients admitted to a single metropolitan hospital in the February and March of 2015. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, χ2-test, t-test, and multiple logistic regression analyses using IBM SPSS WIN 22.0 program. Results: Vaccination rate of the participants was 23.9%. Their knowledge for the vaccination and pneumonia-preventive behavior were at intermediate levels, scoring 5.85/10 and 6.47/10 points, respectively. Their health beliefs that include susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, barriers and cues to action scored 69.18/100. Vaccinees scored significantly higher than the non-vaccinee controls in the knowledge for vaccination and also in the susceptibility and severity of health belief. Vaccine receipt rate differed significantly in univariate analysis by general characteristics such as age, education, marital status but not by gender and comorbidity. Further analyses of multiple logistic regression indicated that the vaccine receipt rate appeared to increase with age, experience of pneumonia and perceived susceptibility. Conclusions: The pneumococcal vaccination rate was generally low. To increase the rate, it is desirable to develop an organized program to educate vaccine recommended adults and enhance their perception of the risk of pneumococcal infection and the benefit of vaccination.