Swallowing is an important function for hydration and nourishment of the human body. The treatment of dysphagia is important because it reduces the chance of aspiration, which can lead to pneumonia. Neurological damage to any part of the swallowing mechanism-including tongue, teeth, lips, pharyx, larynx-cause dysphagia. The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the cause and treatment of dysphagia. The treatment options for dysphagia include direct/physical modification, such as posture control, sensory training, and massage, and indirect food modification. Based on data from treatment efficacy studies, an extensive intervention program that is suitable for Korean elderly patients in terms of their body type, age, and dietary custom.