家族が複數の人間からなる團體である以上、その間にもめごとは當然生ずる。それらは典型的には、離婚裁判や相續紛爭のように、民事手續を通じて解決される。また現代的な問題として、ドメスティック·バイオレンスやスト一カ一などのように、警察が取り締まるべき犯罪や、各種の福祉的·行政的な手續を講ずることが要請されることも多い。さらに、グロ一バル化の中で家族內の紛爭も國際的な廣がりをみせているし、生殖補助醫療などの科學技術の進步とその普及に伴い、かつては想定されていなかった樣?な紛爭も生じている。司法や國家はこれらもめごとに關して、「法は家庭に入らず」という法諺に代表されるように、家族をプライバシ一の領域·自律的領域として介入を留保してきた。しかし同時に、國家は家族に對して、人口政策や福祉政策を通じて、積極的に介入を行ってきた。この國家と家族の間のアンビバレントな關係は、現在再檢討され、新しい司法の役割が要請されている。また、家事紛爭は、一般には家族における關係の破綻として、あるいは家族の危機の現れと捉えられることが多い。他方、價値が多樣化し、家族關係についても多樣化が進む現在においては、家事紛爭には家族の關係や家族と國家との關係をめぐる新しい規範形成の萌芽を讀み取ることができる。日本の家族法は、第二次世界大戰後歐米諸國が世界的な家族法の變革の波の中に洗われ、また日本社會も戰後の混亂期から高度成長期を經て、家族の實態が大きく變わる中にあっても、大きな改正がなされなかった。しかし、近時、判例や自治體の政策などを通じ、變化の兆しや可能性が出てきている。そこには日本型の近代家族の解體のするなか、生じてきている新しい家族像を讀みとることができる。現代型の家族紛爭は、舊來の家族像やジェンダ一構造を前提とした家族法と、現實の家族の實態や意識との間のズレや齟齬が現れたものといいうる。但し、その變化は單線的ではなく、複數の要素が絡み合っていることに注意しなければならない。本稿では、日本の家族紛爭における新しい動きとそこに見られる新しい家族觀を探る。

As families are organizations consisting of more than one person, there are naturally conflicts or disputes. They are typically resolved through civil proceedures, such as divorce trials and inheritance disputes. In addition, as a contemporary problem, it is often requested to take crime such as domestic violence or stalker, which should be cracked down by the police, and various welfare and administrative measures. Furthermore, disputes within families are spreading internationally in the globalization, and along with the advancement and spread of science and technology such as artificial insemination or external fertilization, various disputes that were not previously assumed. The judicial system and the state have reserved interventions as a domain of privacy and autonomous domains of families, as represented by a famous legal proverb says “Law does not enter the family” with regard to these concerns. At the same time, however, the state actively intervened through families through population policy and welfare policy. The ambivalent relationship between this nation and the family is now being reconsidered and a new role of judicial system is being requested. In addition, domestic disputes are often regarded as a breakdown of relationships in families, or appearance of family crisis in many cases. In other words, it has been evaluated as negative. However, as the value diversifies and family relationships become more diversified, it is possible to appriciate such conflicts as the emergence of new norms over relationships among family member as well as between families and the state. Such disputes can positively be positioned as opportunities for improving the system on the premise of new norm consciousness. There was no major amendment to the family law of Japan, inspite of the major trend of the reform process in the Western countries in the 1960s, and the changed situations of japanese society itself from the post-war chaotic period to the high-growth period. However, in recent years, with the declining birthrate and aging population advancing rapidly, signs and possibilities of change are emerging through judicial precedents and municipal policies. We can find out the dismantling modern families in Japanese-style, and a new notion of family. Therefore, contemporary family conflicts can be said to have been a mismatch or discrepancy between family law presupposing traditional family statues and gender structure, and the realities and consciousness of real family members. However, the change is not a single line, but a plurality of elements are intertwined. In this paper, we focus on cases that can be called contemporary family disputes, and explore new movements in family conflict and new family views seen there.