근래에 행정의 능률성과 실효성 확보를 위해 행정조사가 많이 행해지고 있다. 특히 인권침해의 소지가 있는 경찰행정조사의 증가는 심히 우려스럽다. 물론 경찰행정조사는 개별법에 의한 사전적 위험방지목적의 행정작용이나, 실질은 사후적 형사절차인 범죄수사를 능가하는 강제조사로 피조사자에게 상당한 압박을 가하게 되어, 자유와 권리의 침해를 야기하는 경우가 많다. 그러나 경찰행정조사는 행정절차법과 행정조사기본법에 근거하여 작용되는 바, 헌법과 형사소송법상 요구되는 적법절차원칙의 적용범위밖에 있어서 인권보장의 사각지대에 놓여있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 행정의 본래 목적인 능률성과 실효성을 확보하는 한편, 범죄 수사로 나갈 개연성이 있는 경찰행정조사에 있어서 적법절차원칙이 구현되도록 하여, 인권침해적 요소를 제거하는 데에 목적을 두고자 한다. 아울러 제도적 보장을 위하여 준사법적인 성질의 절차법인 가칭 `경찰행정조사기본법` 을 조속한 시한 내에 제정하도록 제의한다.
Recently, there have been a growing number of administrative investigations being conducted to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of administrative actions. In particular, it is becoming a cause of concern to observe a significant increase in the number of police-administrative investigations that can easily lead to human rights violations. These police-administrative investigations are administrative measures based upon relevant administrative law and are intended to prevent danger in advance. Nonetheless, they are compulsory investigations in essence which go beyond the boundary of criminal proceedings that take place after the occurrence of a crime. They can thus exert considerable pressure on those under investigation, resulting in serious violations of their freedom and rights. On the other hand, the police-administrative investigations are subject only to the Framework Act on Administrative Investigations and lie outside the scope of the principle of the due process of law as required by the Criminal Procedure Law or the Constitution. In a sense, the police-administrative investigations can be seen as lying in a blind spot of human rights. This paper attempts to find a way to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of police-administrative investigations by requiring procedural justice to be integrated into them, and to examine ways of eliminating the elements of police-administrative investigations that can lead to human rights violations by subjecting them to the principle of due process of law. A proposal will also be made to enact a “Framework Act on Police-Administrative Investigation.”