Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cognitive behavioral group therapy improving social cognition on the self efficacy, relationship function and social skills for chronic schizophrenia. Methods: This study employed a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Fifty-two participants were selected from patients with chronic schizophrenia, and they divided into an experimental group(26) and control group(26). Cognitive behav-ioral group therapy was used as the experimental treatment from March to May. Therapy was administered once a week over 10-weeks. Results: The results showed that compared to the control group, experimental group improved on relationship function and social skills and showed better self-reported self efficacy. Conclusion: These results indicated that the cognitive behavioral group therapy improving social cognition is an effective nursing intervention to increase the levels of self efficacy, relationship function and social skills.