본고는 화자는 자신의 의지를 특정한 맥락 속에서 표현하며 일정한 행위를 동반한다는 점에서 의지 표현 구문의 화행 양상을 살핀다. 의지 표현 구문에 반영된 화자의 태도와 발화 상황 조건을 살피는 것은 한국어 의사소통 양상을 밝히는 데 필요한 논의이다. 본고는 먼저 선행 연구에 대한 비판적 고찰을 통해 의지의 개념과 의지 표현 구문의 구성 조건을 밝히고, 화행 이론 속에서 그 담화적 특징을 살핀다. 의지는 어떤 일을 이루려고 하는 목적성이 있어야 하고, 주체는 구체적인 행위를 결정하며 선택한다는 점에서 `목적성, 수행성, 결정/선택`을 의지 표현의 특징으로 설정한다. 그리고 의지 표현 구문은 화자가 앞으로 하고자 하는 행위를 언어적으로 표명하며, 화자가 수행하고자 하는 행위를 행동으로 옮기고자 함을 스스로에게 부과함을 구문을 통해 나타낸다는 점을 화행론적 접근을 통해 밝힌다.
This study investigated utterance aspects of volitional expressions in a sense that the speaker expresses his volition within context. Examining conditions of speech act in volitional speech is necessary for understanding communication in Korean language. Based on previous research, this study looked into the concept of volition and performativity and explained the position and characteristics of volitional speech act in terms of speech act theory.
Volition necessitates finality of will to achieve something. Also, because will alone does not materialize the act, it is necessary for the act to be carried out through a specific act of the agent. Also, act implies deciding and choosing a method among many feasible ones. Therefore, conditions of volitional expressions can be defined as finality, performativity, and decision/choice.
Volitional expressions are correspond to the composition of speech act as they command and predict an act, use certain linguistic formats, and imply that, through utterance, the speaker actually performs something that is relevant to the listener. And, volitional speech is classified as commisives among the basic speech categories. Volitional expressions verbally indicate an act that the speaker intends to perform in the future and are an illocutionary function in that the speaker imposes the intent on himself or herself. In this study, based on the discussion, conditions for volitional speech act were defined, and the performative characteristics in communication situations were examined as well.