Background Metaphorical thinking is commonly used in a variety of artistic creations. Metaphors have been used in Chinese paintings for a long time. In modern poster design, metaphor is also considered an artistic expression. What is the relationship between those two artistic forms? The goal of this research is to discover the value of chinese painting used in to modern poster design from a design perspective of metaphor. Methods Through a comparative analysis of the artworks of Bada Shanren and modern posters from the aspects of composition-image, empty space and text- and hidden codes, the aim is to seek similarities and differences regarding their use of metaphors. Result They are similar in their aim to avoid direct expression and impart meaning to art works. Although both use a form of “chinese elegance”, Chinese paintings and graphic posters have a difference approach. While the Chinese paintings have unfamiliar metaphorical tenors with familiar metaphorical vehicles, Modern graphic posters use familiar metaphorical tenors with unfamiliar metaphorical vehicles. Conclusion The above analysis reveals the similarities and differences between Chinese ink paintings and contemporary posters. Although both forms use metaphors in different ways, they are similar in their aim to avoid direct expression and impart meaning to art works. The ancient literati painters produced the poetic spirit or elegance (“Chinese elegance”) by using metaphors. In terms of aesthetic value, metaphors reflect “Chinese elegance” in both Chinese ink paintings and contemporary poster designs.