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상고 중국어에 보이는 -ts 현상 및 그와 관련된 몇 가지 예(例)에 관한 소고(小考)
A Study on the Sound Change of -ts in Old Chinese and Related Examples
김준수 ( Kim Jun-soo )
중국언어연구 72권 1-33(33pages)
DOI 10.38068/KJCL.72.1
UCI I410-ECN-0102-2018-700-003731775

In Old Chinese, some of the Yue group (月部) originated from the He group (?部), and some of the Wu group (物部) and the Zhi group (質部) came from the Qi group (緝部). This is a phenomenon that reflects the sound change of *-ps > *-ts, where the suffix *-s, the origin of qusheng (去聲), assimilated the place of articulation of the bilabial stop and changed it to the alveolar stop. This study reviewed the preceding researches related to this phenomenon and discussed the reconstruction in some of the related examples. The conclusions of this study can be summarized as follows. First, in Old Chinese, the verb “weep” was *khrШb, and the noun “tears” derived from it with the attachment of the suffix *-s was *rШbs. While *khrШb was written with the character “泣 qi” at all times, *rШbs was written with “? ta” in the Shang-Zhou period, and with “淚 lei” in the Qin-Han period. Second, in Old Chinese, the root of the verb “reach” is presumed to have had the same word form as that of LШP. This word was written with several characters such as “戾 li”, “?(遝) ta”, “隸(逮) dai”, “及 ji” and “? ji”. Among these, the final of “戾 li” , “隸(逮) dai” and “? ji” was originally *-ps, but through its change to *-ts, they became qusheng in Middle Chinese. Third, in Old Chinese, the verb “provide” was *krub (or perhaps *krШb), and the noun “provided food” derived from it with the attachment of the suffix *-s was *qhШbs. While *krub was written with the character “給 ji” at all times, *qhШbs was written with ‘ “氣 qi”, which was replaced by “? xi” later. Fourth, in Old Chinese, the verb “inhale” was *qhrШb, and the noun “vapors” deprived from it with the attachment of the suffix *-s was *khШbs. The verb “sigh”, which was also deprived from the verb “inhale” (*qhrШb) was *khШːbs. While *qhrШb was written with the character “吸 xi” at all times, *khШbs was first written with “氣 qi” and with “氣 qi” later. In the case of *khШːbs, it was written with “愾 kai”, by adding “心 xin” to “氣 qi”. Fifth, as “旣 ji” is a phonetic element of “? ji”, as well as “? qi”, which is a variant of “氣 qi”, although its final was originally *-ps, through its change to *-ts, it became qusheng in Middle Chinese. Sixth, in Old Chinese, the verb “cast aside” was *pabs, which was first written with “? fa”, and later with “廢 fei”. This verb was originally pronounced as *pabs, so it was written with “? fa”, which was read as *pab (< *p-qab). However, as its pronunciation changed into *pads, it was written with “廢 fei”, which had “發 fa” read as *pad as its phonetic element.

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