본 연구는 소방공무원의 직무스트레스척도를 개발하고, 타당화 하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 소방공무원의 직무스트레스의 구성개념을 새롭게 설정하고 문항을 작성하여, 서울, 경기, 기타 지역에 거주하는 소방공무원 700명을 대상으로 예비검사와 본 검사를 실시하여 타당성을 검증하였다. 문항분석 및 탐색적 요인분석 과정을 거쳐 요인을 추출하였고, 이를 통해 얻어진 요인구조에 대해 확인적 요인분석을 거쳐 적합성을 검증하였다. 그 결과 ‘업무위험성에 따른 심리적 요인’(13문항), ‘조직체계’(8문항), ‘불확실성’(10점), ‘업무 환경적 스트레스’(7문항), ‘대인관계 갈등’(6문항), ‘과도한 직무요구’(6문항) 50개 문항 6요인으로 확인되었다. 6개 하위요인은 전체 분산의 69.02%를 설명했으며, 내적일치도 Cronbach's Alpha는 .925, 하위요인 내적일치도 Cronbach's Alpha는 .905∼.920, 반분신뢰도는 .964, 하위요인 반분신뢰도는 .826∼.931로 나타났다. 확인적 요인분석에서 적합도 지수는 양호하였다(GFI= .888, CFI=.949, TLI=.935, RMSEA=.088, x2 (120)=776.871, p<.001). 또한 척도의 준거-관련 타당도를 검증하기 위해 한국판 직무스트레스 척도(KOSS), 한국판 사건충격척도(IES-R-K), 우울척도(CES-D)와의 상관관계 분석을 실시하였는데 모두 정적상관을 나타내었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점, 후속연구를 위한 제안을 제시하였다.
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the job stress scale of fire-fighters. For this purpose, the concept of job stress of fire-fighters was newly set up, questions were written, and validity was verified by conducting preliminary tests and main tests of 700 fire-fighters residing in Seoul, Gyeong-gi, and other areas. The factors were extracted through item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. The validity of the obtained factor structure was verified through confirmatory factor analysis. The results were as follows: "Psychological factors according to job risk" (13 items), "Organizational system" (8 items), "Uncertainty" (10 items), "Workplace environmental stress" (7 items) ), "Interpersonal relation conflict", "Excessive job demands" (6 items), a total of 50 items and 6 factors. Six sub-factors accounted for 69.02% of the total variance. Internal consistency Cronbach's alpha was .925, sub-factors internal consistency Cronbach's Alpha was .905 to .920, split-halves reliability was .964, sub-factors split-halves reliability was .826 ∼.931. The confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit (GFI = .888, CFI = .949, TLI = .935, RMSEA = .088, x2 (120) = 776.871, p <.001). In addition, to verify the criterion-related validity the correlation analysis among the Korean version of the Job Stress Scale (KOSS), the Korean version of the Incident Impact Scale (IES-RK), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) the positive correlations were found. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for follow - up research are presented.
