Yi yu zhi was written by Zhou Zhizhong who was from the end of Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty. It includes about 200 countries. Although there already was practical information about the foreign lands in the Ming Dynasty, Yi yu zhi still contains description of geographies from the imagination. This shows respect to the Chinese people’s traditional view of geography who succeeded classical literature for a long time. Also, Yi yu zhi did not record the scientific knowledge as-is, but as mythical knowledge as shown in Shan-hai jing. This type of narration increases the readers’ readability and evokes their interests.
Yi yu zhi classifies and signifies various foreign countries based on the traditional idea of Hua Yi. The evidence is that Joseon and Japan that actively traded with China were at the beginning of the book. Also, another characteristic of Yi yu zhi is that the foreign lands are still represented by the image of savage and animals. Finally, Yi yu zhi reflects the circumstances of Zhongyuan in the late Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty compared to the previous journals and contained more records about Mongolia, West Asia, and Central Asia.