Purpose: This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of telephone-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (T-CBT) among patients with chronic physical health conditions and has been conducted to evaluate its effectiveness on depression. Methods: A literature search was conducted of electronic databases published from the journal inception to December 2017. Thirteen of 1,609 studies met the inclusion criteria. Selected studies were rated for quality assessment by two independent reviewers using Cochrane’s collaboration tool. Results: Meta-analysis showed that T-CBT significantly reduces depression. The effect size of T-CBT was small (d=-0.20, 95% CI: -0.29~-0.10, Z=4.09, p<.001) and showed low heterogeneity (I²=0.0%). The effect of T-CBT at the 12-month follow-up was not sustained (d=-0.19, 95% CI:-0.42~0.03, Z=1.66, p=.10). Conclusion: The current findings indicate that T-CBT for patients with chronic physical health conditions has a significant post-treatment effect on depression. T-CBT can be a useful intervention reducing barriers to treatment and improving depression in patients with chronic physical health conditions.