The purpose of this study is to analyze changes and trends in Japanese native language education. For this discussion, we analyzed the new curriculum guidelines that were introduced in 2017. In the 2000s, Japan began to emphasize the importance of solid academic ability in students after receiving criticism for the perceived “lower education” in Japan. PISA-type education were especially emphasized and were set as an important direction in Japanese native language education. In addition, IB education was introduced to change public education. The new curriculum guidelines emphasize “subjective and interactive deepening learning” as well as “active learning” based on “knowledge and skills,” “thinking, judgment, and expressive power.” The direction of Japanese native language education provides a meaningful example of native language education in the era of globalization. However, the fact that the direction of native language education is closely linked with PISA-type education and IB education is a concern because it can lead to international competition.