現代漢語中的“不”和“沒”都是使用頻率很高的否定詞,“不”和“沒”雖然都是表示否定的同義詞,但是兩者在實際運用中存在很大的差異。雖然近些年來對“不”和“沒”的硏究日漸深入,但大都是從時間限制和主客觀的視角去討論“不”和“沒”的區別。認爲“不”限于否定現在和將來發生的事情,否定的是主觀意志、說話者的主觀評价和認識,用于主觀意愿。“沒”限于否定過去和現在發生的事情,否定的是客觀事實,用于客觀敍述。從這兩個角度來分析雖然有一定的聯系,但不足以完全解釋“不”和“沒”的對立特征,仍有很多无法解釋的語言現象,因此在敎學中出現了很多困難。所以本文從“不”和“沒”的硏究誤區入手,從它們的典型用法和非典型用法兩方面去解釋,這樣可以更加淸晳的區分它們之間的不同用法,在敎學過程中學生才不容易出現混淆和誤用。
In modern Chinese, “bu” and “mei” are both frequently used negatives. Although “bu” and “mei” are synonyms of negation, but they are quite different in practical language. The study of “bu” and “mei” has been deepening in recent years, but most of them discuss the difference between “bu” and “mei” from the perspective of time limitation and subjective and objective. It holds that “bu” is limited to denying the present and future events, and that it denies the subjective will, the speaker’s subjective evaluation and knowledge, and is used for subjective will. “mei” is limited to negating what happened in the past and the present, negating objective facts and objective narration. Although there are some connections between these two perspectives, but they are not enough to fully explain the contradictory features of “bu” and “mei”. There are still many unexplained linguistic phenomena, so there are many difficulties in teaching. Therefore, this paper starts with the research errors of “bu” and “mei”, and explains them from the two aspects of typical usage and atypical usage, so as to make a clearer distinction between their different usages, so that students are not easy to confuse and misuse in the teaching process.