本稿では先行硏究の分析を通して視点という學述語の槪念が發話者の視点に片寄っていることを指摘し、受信者の重要性について强調する。また、コミュニケ一ションの觀点から言葉を分析する際、受信者の視点が存在することを說明して、その受信者の視点は發話者が文を構成する時に動きかける主な要素になれると述べる。發話者が文を構成する際、發話者が求める方向を向くように受信者の視点を導く場合とそうではない場合に分けられる。前者の場合は受信者の視点をコントロ一ルできる文體的·文法的な要素を用いなければならない。特に小說の場合、讀者の視点をコントロ一ルすることは、まったく見知らぬ關系である不特定多數の讀者を小說の中に引き迂む時に、效率的であると述べる。言語分析においても「視点」という槪念は話者の視点や受動態·授受動詞などの一部の文法項目だけのものではないと主張する。

There is a concept of viewpoint which is often used in literature researches. Though nowadays it is also used in linguistics, definition is not settled. According to the collection of using definitions of viewpoint by many researchers, a viewpoint was used in various ways such as locations of the speaker, point or target what the speaker sees, attitude of the speaker, relationship between the speaker and target and so on. Although definitions are not unified, references all refer only to the speaker's viewpoint in common. However, it emphasized the importance of recipients (listeners and readers) in translation, education as well as literature. Also, many preceding researches showed that the recipient's viewpoint(location, situation, past experiences, values etc.) has a strong influence on the result when receiving information. Focus on the importance of recipient's viewpoint, I explained when a writer uses language tools to manipulate a reader's viewpoint in novel. In conclusion, this study suggests that a viewpoint is not only for the speaker or some grammars such as passive voice and benefactive expression. The recipient's viewpoint who is the communication participant should also be considered when analyzing a language.