汉语是世界上使用人数最多的语言, 具有悠久的文化历史。因此汉语中存在着大量语义相近的同义词, 如何准确地理解他们之间的细微差异并恰当使用, 对于汉语非本族学习者而言一直是一大难题。一般的同义词辨析大都通过字典等工具, 依靠直觉经验和内省的方式。而使用字典辨析, 虽具有权威性, 但受其编撰方式的限制, 往往无法达到准确辨析的目的；以往依靠直觉经验和内省的方式, 又因受研究者所处地区方言及语言习惯的影像, 其研究结果往往不够客观。大型语料库极其先进地检索工具以其特有的优势为同义词辨析提供了新的方法。语料库语言学是普通语言学的一个分支, 用特的文本分析软件工具对大型机读文本库进行分析。 语料库语言学途径的同义词辨析主要通过考察同义词在不同语域中的词频分布差异。统计各搭配词与关键词共现的显著程度, 观察检索行中所呈现的同义词搭配特征, 揭示出它们不同的类联结、搭配关系和语义韵等语言特征。得益于巨大库容的语料库所提供的翔实的证据, 语料库索引可对同义词群提供丰富的用法和语境, 使研究者能够比较和掌握同义词之间细微的语义语用差异, 实现对同义词的细微差异进行客观和全面的描述。 本文利用BCC语料库提供的统计功能和多种检索式, 探索辨析同义词的词频分布差异, 单词搭配差异和语义韵的差异等方面的特征的具体方法, 以助于恰当使用同义词, 进而更好的发挥汉语交际功能。

This article tried to grasp By using the statistical functions and various retrieval methods provided by BCC corpus, this paper explores specific methods to distinguish and analyze the differences in word frequency distribution, word collocation and semantic prosody of synonyms, so as to help the proper use of synonyms and better play the communicative function of Chinese. Chinese is the most widely used language in the world and has a long cultural history. Therefore, there are a large number of synonyms with similar semantics in Chinese. How to accurately understand the subtle differences between them and use them appropriately has always been a big problem for non-native Chinese learners. Generally speaking, synonym discrimination relies on intuitive experience and introspection through dictionaries and other tools. Dictionary analysis, though authoritative, is often not able to achieve the purpose of accurate analysis due to the limitations of its compiling methods; in the past, it relied on intuitive experience and introspective ways, and because of the image of dialects and language habits in the region where the researchers live, the results of the research are often not objective enough. Large corpus is an extremely advanced retrieval tool, which provides a new method for synonym discrimination with its unique advantages. Corpus linguistics is a branch of general linguistics. It uses special text analysis software tools to analyze large machine-readable text databases. The analysis of synonyms in corpus linguistics mainly focuses on the differences in frequency distribution of synonyms in different register. The significant degree of co-occurrence of collocations and keywords was counted. The collocation characteristics of synonyms in search lines were observed, and their different linguistic features, such as class association, collocation relationship and semantic prosody, were revealed. Thanks to the abundant evidence provided by the huge corpus, the corpus index can provide abundant usage and context for synonyms, enabling researchers to compare and grasp the subtle semantic and pragmatic differences between synonyms, and to achieve an objective and comprehensive description of the subtle differences of synonyms.