本稿主要探讨了汉语的语态和语态系统。到现在在汉语语法学界用印欧语的‘mood’概念来解释和说明在汉语相关语法现象, 还有汉语的语气和‘mood’混在一起讨论的毛病也存在。本文认为汉语的语气是对说话人的主观有关的语义现象都合在一起的比较宽的一种观念的概念。本文研究表明了汉语的语气有两种成分构成的, 一种是语态, 还有一种是情态。汉语的语态是跟印欧语那样的‘mood’有区别的。印欧语的‘mood’是形态句法方面的, 汉语的语态是语义功能方面的。汉语的语态是有两个语法语义成分构成的, 一种是叙事态, 另外一种是叙想态。汉语用这种叙事态和叙想态来表现说话者具有对现实世界的主观态度。这样汉语语态与句类和句式有密切的相关关系。

Chinese mood is deeply reflected in the linguistic philosophical concept of ‘realis/irrealis, factive/non-factive’. This concepts, coupled with the speaker’s view of the current reality or situation in the world, can be seen as a sentence. In other words, chinese mood is a discourse category in which the sentence type and sentence form are determined according to the demand of the style, as the ‘realis/irrealis’ expressed through the interaction with the modality of the speaker’s view based on the logic and semantic veracity of the real world. Also, chinese mood can be divided into realis mood and irrealis mood. The realis mood is directly reflected in the reality or situation in which the speaker’s view is logically and meaningfully factive or non-factive. irrealis mood can be understood as an indirect projection of the speaker’s point of view to a real world entity or situation in which the speaker’s point of view is logically either factive or non-factive.