Gypsies and Flamenco have a close relationship. To the extent that many people think that the flamenco belongs to the gypsies. Without a doubt, the gypsy community is the one that has contributed the most to flamenco. Throughout the middle ages, the gypsies harmoniously mixed the Andalusian multicultural elements, leading to the birth of flamenco. The gypsies dedicated their time to spread it outside their community. In Spain, there have been a variety of different cultures that led to the multicultural environment, specially in Andalusia, where it has received influence from the Phoenician, Greek, Roman, Goth, Arab, Jew, Gypsy and other communities. As the home to flamenco, it is here where the diverse cultural and musical traditions fused themselves to give birth to the flamenco. To sum this up, this is the synthesis of a very varied contribution, that includes many factors such as the oriental influence, Andalusican folklore, the contribution of gypsies, etc. From flamenco, the gypsy dedication has to be highlighted primarily, despite their suffering and persecutions. Gypsies have contributed significantly to flamenco with their peculiar musical expressiveness. In this document, the origin of flamenco will be approached through the analysis of the steps taken by the gypsies after their arrival in Spain. Their persecution history will be reviewed briefly, as well as their treatment by politicians and other citizens. Specially we have focused on the ‘Great Gypsy Round-up(Spanish: Gran Redada de Gitanos) in the period of Ferdinand VI of Spain. From this, the reason why flamenco emerged in Andalusia, impulsed by a minority like the gypsy community will come to light.