The Cuban revolution was a milestone in the history of Latin America. The revolutionary process caused a rupture between the Catholic Church and the government. The transition to socialism threatened the survival of the Church. The confrontation between the two institutions lasted five decades. But, after the 1990s, the dissolution of the cold war system favored the rapprochement and dialogue between the government and the Church. The visit of Pope John Paul II and the arrival of Raúl Castro to the presidency of the Republic opened a new stage. The objective of this research is to examine the relationship between the revolutionary government and the Catholic Church in Cuba. The study seeks the answer to the following questions: How did the Catholic Church respond to the Cuban revolutionary regime? How did the ideology of communism and influence the relationship between the Church and the State? How did the Catholic Church become an internal interlocutor of the regime? In conclusion, Raúl Castro respects the Catholic Church as the main internal interlocutor in Cuba. Today the Catholic Church is considered as an important actor in the political context.