This paper aims to develop a method for language learners to study the target culture where the language is used. One of the most effective methods is to apply the method developed by anthropologists who have practiced the ethnography of communication to language education. Because the method has been developed to understand a culture through its language use, it will be useful for language learners to understand the culture while they learn the language itself. The method offers descriptive tools for speech behaviors, and they can be adopted in classrooms. The descriptive units are hierarchically organized as speech situations, speech events, and speech acts. The constituent factors for the description of speech behaviors are called the SPEAKING model, which includes setting and scene, participants, ends, act sequence, key, instrumentalities, norms and genre. These are a kind of etic grid to describe speech behaviors, and language learners can extract cultural knowledge from the description of speech behaviors that is recorded on the model. From the application of the ethnography of communication method in language education, language learners can develop their cultural as well as linguistic competence, i.e., communicative competence. (Seoul National University)