This paper attempts to examine the importance of non-traditional security threats and new security paradigm, which has been reemphasized ever since the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. At first, we point out the reasons why the existing academic efforts have fallen short of suggesting the new expectation and direction of international cooperation. This paper also focuses on the current tendency toward state-centric view which has been reappeared by the combining effects between military and non-military factors. Finally, we try to analyze our future challenges in the post-COVID 19 pandemic era, which mainly stemmed from the breakdown of governance and following security failure in the middle of rapid transition toward digitized society.