Shichun Village belongs to Wuyuan County, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, and is located in the northwest of the county. According to the “Chinese Language Atlas” (second Edition), this region belongs to the Qiwu cluster of Hui Dialect. This article takes Shichun dialect(old) as the research object, based on field investigation, combined with previous research results, comprehensively and meticulously describes the phonetic system of Shichun dialect, analyzes the phonetic characteristics of Shichun dialect.

Following Corbett(2005) this paper suggests that bare nouns in Chinese encode general number rather than generic reference. In English, we must choose either singular or plural when writing nouns. However, in Chinese, nouns are not obligatorily specified for number. According to Corbett(2005), Chinese bare nouns are neutral or unspecified for number and they can be either singular or plural. Therefore, markers are required in order to specifically indicate either singularity or plurality. As we know, only a restricted number of common nouns referring to people can be suffixed by plural marker men. Therefore, in this paper, we would like to investigate the other means to express the meaning of the plurality in Chinese other than men. We concentrate on the variety of plurality expression in Chinese, and on the patterns which are claimed to underlie this variety.

The ZuoceCeling Gui(作冊夨令簋) is a bronze ware from the early Western Zhou Dynasty, and its inscription records the king’s stay in the Yan(炎) area during the conquest of Chu(楚). As for the passage “乍冊夨令阝尊宜于王姜” shown at the beginning of the inscription, there have been different views over the exact meaning of “zunyi(阝尊宜)” and who the subject of the action is. This study therefore analyzed the passage in comparison with oracle bone scripts, handed down literature, and other bronze inscriptions to draw the following conclusions. First, “zun(阝尊)” is a letter identical with “zun(尊)” and represents “the act of holding something up with both hands and then placing it in a certain position or offering it to someone.” Second, “yi(宜)” can be used as a verb meaning “to slaughter a sacrifice in a rite or to perform a rite in this manner” and also as a noun meaning “a sacrifice placed on a meat-chopping block.” Third, if “zunyi(阝尊宜)” is used in relation to a deceased person with the structure of “verb + object,” it means “to perform a rite by offering a sacrifice.” However when this expression is used in the context of a banquet, it has the meaning of “to offer abundant food.” In this case, “abundant food” is a meaning derived from “yi(宜).” Fourth, in the passage “乍冊夨令阝尊宜于王姜,” the subject of the act of “zunyi (阝尊宜)” is Zuoce Celing; it thus means “Zuoce Celing offers abundant food to Wangqiang(王姜).” This inference is valid given that all the figures associated with “zunyi(阝尊宜)” were alive according to this inscription, and that “zunyi(阝尊宜)” refers to an act that a subordinate performs to a superior in all usages. In addition, a comparison with the Ehou Ding(噩侯鼎) inscription created in a similar background can also serve as the basis for this inference.

This study aimed at investigating two Qín characters 雝 (yōng) and 爲 (wèi) based on period division using an overall character form analysis. To this end, based on the preceding study results supplemented with newly excavated Qín character documents, the following three lists of Qín character documents were set up in the order of creation: “Qín Bronze Inscription Periodization Chart,” “Qín Stone Carving Text Periodization Chart,” and “Qín Bamboo and Wooden Manuscript Periodization Chart.” Following this, the etymological origin of the two Qín characters 雝 (yōng) and 爲 (wèi) were examined and related Qín character documents were collected and arranged in a chronological order for period division. The results of this study are as follows. With regard to the writing style of the Qín Character 雝 (yōng), a conservative style was sustained in succession to the style of Xīzhōu characters before the reign of Qín Xìaogōng in the Zhànguó period. However, after the 16th year of Qín Xìaogōng’s reign, the upper left part of this character changed to three short strokes while its lower left part was transformed into a form similar to “邑.” This style is even present in the Xiǎozhuàn style. It is therefore considered that the Qín character 雝 (yōng) underwent a change in form that represents the change of the times in the middle of the Zhànguó period. The Qín character 爲 (wèi) went through many changes in form over a long period of time. Among them, two predominant changes enable the distinction of eras. First, this character changed to have a form similar to “日” with an oblique top after the 2nd year of Qín Wǔwáng’s reign, and this writing style is mainly found in Qín bamboo strips. Second, from the 51st year of Qín Zhāoxiāngwáng’s reign to the era of Qínshǐhuáng, simplified forms that removed the top of this character were partially used. As this writing style is shown only in 「Rìshū (日書)」 or 「Zhānmèngshū (占夢書)」 recorded during the same period and is not found in any documents of other periods, it can serve as a clear standard for period division. The results of this study are expected to be used for the dating of Qín character documents to be excavated in the future, while serving as a basis for the dating of Qín character documents whose creation year has not yet been clearly identified. Furthermore, given the current situation where new Qín character documents are constantly unearthed, it is expected that relevant research will continue based on ample data. A more precise dating of Qín character documents based on these new findings will greatly contribute to the study of other related disciplines including history and archeology.

“形聲” was originally called “象聲”. Later, Xu Shen changed the name of “four images” into “形聲” in ≪ShuowenJiezi·Xu≫. Apart from phonetic symbols, there are more important functions of sound symbols -- source indicating function. The function of indicating source, in short, that is, the function of phonetic symbols to show the phonetic and semantic relations of the words indicated by pictophonetic characters. There are four ways to infer the source of sound, symbol and meaning. The purpose of this paper is to deduce the etymological meaning of pictophonetic characters with “單” sound as the phonetic symbol. There are five kinds of origin in the phonetic symbols of “單” sound, which are dynamic, be exhausted, fearful, comfortable and hard work. Among the origin of the pictophonetic characters with “單” sound, the pictophonetic characters with dynamic meanings are “戰, 彈, 僤”, the pictophonetic characters with be exhausted meaning are “鄲, 殫”, the ones with fear of righteousness are “戰, 憚, 譂, 嘽”, and the pictophonetic characters with comfortable meaning are “繟, 嘽, 闡”, the pictophonetic characters with hard work meaning are “憚, 癉”.

≪译语类解≫是朝鲜时期编撰的中韩对译词典，主要用于学习汉语词汇。目前对该词典的研究主要集中在音韵研究以及词汇的历时研究。鉴于此，本文从目前研究较为薄弱的词典学角度考察了≪译语类解≫的释义问题。论文以古图书本为主要研究对象，对≪译语类解≫的释义方式、释义中语言与文字的使用、标题词的分类及排序以及释义中存在的问题等逐一进行了分析和总结，试图从词典编撰的角度去解读≪译语类解≫作为学习词典的特点及其价值。

This paper investigates the diachronic evolution of the verbs of Change “yi” (易), “mao”(贸), “geng”(更), “huan”(换). It is claimed that “yi”(易) was the dominant word in ancient times. The new word “huan”(换) emerged in Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties and took over “yi”(易) to Tang Dynasty. This paper also with formation of synonymy coordinate disyllables as the object of the research, described that monosyllabic verb was how to develop a synonymy coordinate disyllables. Finally, Analyzing in a comparative way the major features of Chinese orality and Chinese literacy from the views of lexicon, style and occasion, We can enhance Chinese learners’ awareness of the differences between the two stylistics.

Court interpretation is very important for guaranteeing the defendant’s rights. However, Korea’s legal translation system does not include quality control of court interpretation and translation. According to the results of the 2019 court interpretation evaluation conducted by a research team at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, less than 50% of all applicants were assessed to have a certain level of translation ability. So this study would like to examine the legal translation system of Asian countries China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, and explore ways to improve the quality of domestic legal interpretation.

This paper investigates several features of dispreferred responses, including their frequency, their distributional properties, their types, and their functions in conversations contained within Mandarin Chinese textbooks by level of difficulty, and it provides how dispreferred response should be reflected in Mandarin Chinese textbooks. The analysis in this paper are made into three aspects: (1) a detailed and complete study on the presence of dispreferred responses in the three textbooks; (2) a comparison of dispreferred responses among the three textbooks; (3) a comparison of dispreferred responses in naturally occurring spoken conversation in Chinese and those in Chinese textbooks. It is through the analysis that this paper shows that dispreferred responses in the three textbooks are defective in illustrating diverse types of dispreferred responses and delayed and structurally elaborated features. Account strategies are not frequently used in textbooks, while explaining strategies are most frequently used in naturally occurring conversations. The declination components of dispreferred responses does not truthfully reflect the entire circumstance of Chinese conversation. This paper proposes the improvements for integrating dispreferred responses into textbook study by level of difficulty. In the beginning level, Chinese conversation textbooks should introduce a variety of dispreferred response types. In the intermediate level, Chinese language textbooks need to show the interactional features of dispreferred responses based on the actual dispreferred responses of native Chinese speakers. In the advanced level, the textbooks should include the socio-culturally specific features of the dispreferred responses.

We analyzed and observed the different types of habitual sentence with Talmy’s Macro-event theory. The conclusion is as below. First, there are three types of habitual sentence: realis event, irrealis event, and realis-irrealis event. Second, the habitual sentence was belonged to four events which are motion event, time contouring event, state change event and realization event on Talmy’s Macro-event. Third, If the habitual sentence was motion event, it appeared in S-Language. If the habitual sentence was state change event, it is showed up in V-Language or a few of S-Language. Moreover, if the habitual sentence was realis event, most of them appeared in S-Language or a few of V-Language. Fourth, our conclusion as above are different from Talmy’s idea which is Chinese is statellite languge. Thus, we claim that the Chinese habitual sentence could appear in both S-Language and V-Language.